The Starving Time — Chapter Notes

Short titles used in the notes:

Percy: George Percy, A Trewe Relacyon (written about 1625), in Tyler's Quarterly Historical and Genealogical Magazine, vol. 3 (1922), pp. 259 to 282.
Proceedings: The Proceedings of the English Colonies in Virginia (1612), in Lyon Gardiner Tyler, ed., Narratives of Early Virginia, 1606–1625 (1907).
Smith: John Smith, The Generall Historie of Virginia (1624), Book IV, in Tyler, Narratives.
De La Warr: Thomas West, Lord De La Warr, The Relation (1611), in Tyler, Narratives.
Molina: Diego de Molina, letter of May 28, 1613 (Spanish reckoning), in Tyler, Narratives, in Tyler's translation from the Spanish.
Assembly: The Tragical Relation of the Virginia Assembly (1624), in Tyler, Narratives.
Spelman: Henry Spelman, Relation of Virginia (written about 1613), ed. James F. Hunnewell (1872).
Hamor: Ralph Hamor, A True Discourse of the Present Estate of Virginia (1615), with the letters of Sir Thomas Dale and John Rolfe printed at the back of it.
Tyler: Lyon Gardiner Tyler's notes and headnotes in Narratives of Early Virginia.

Page numbers are those of the editions named. Quotations keep the spelling of those editions, with the changes in type described at the end of the Note on Sources.

Chapter 1. The Twenty Presidents

The fort after Smith's going rests on the Proceedings, p. 200, and on Percy's own account of his election, p. 264.

"490 and odde persons": the inventory of what Smith left, Proceedings, p. 197. Most of those people had arrived only that August.
Percy's election: Percy, p. 264. The "fowertene dayes" before he sent Ratcliffe to Point Comfort are Percy's reckoning.
Algernon's Fort: Percy, p. 264, built for the fishing and for the watch on the coast and named "for the honnor of Your Lordshipps name and howse", Percy's family.
Ratcliffe and West sent to trade, "each with a pinnace, and 30 or 40 men": Proceedings, p. 200.
Martin's and West's returns: Proceedings, p. 200.

Chapter 2. The Baskets

Henry Spelman's Relation, pp. 16 to 24, carries the chapter. Spelman tells Ratcliffe's end twice: briefly in his main text (p. 19) and at length on a last leaf of the manuscript, which his editor printed after it and thought "may be the original draught" (p. 22). The chapter treats the two as one event and follows the fuller version for the place and the sequence.

Spelman sold "for a towne caled Powhatan": Spelman, p. 16; the little Powhatan's town "for them to dwell in", p. 17.
Savage and the venison, and Spelman's going "by Reason yt vitals were scarse wt us": Spelman, p. 18. Percy was president by then.
Powhatan "vsinge me uery kindly", and his offer of a shipload of corn for the ship and some copper: Spelman, p. 19.
Ratcliffe at Orapax and Pamunkey, the twenty-four or twenty-five men, the sixteen by barge, "in shew", "slenderly accompanied", the house "aboue half a mile from the barge": Spelman, pp. 22 to 23.
The baskets and the ambush in the corn, with William Russell and one other escaping by land: Spelman, pp. 23 to 24; the cry "an oulis and whoopubb", p. 24.
"fearinge the worst, wayed anker and returned": Spelman's main-text version, p. 19. Its figure of twenty-six or twenty-seven killed is not used.
The other accounts: the Proceedings, p. 200 ("Ratliffe and his men were most[ly] slaine by Powhatan"); Smith, p. 295 (about thirty slain, Jeffrey Shortridge escaped); Percy, p. 266 (fifty men, sixteen back in the pinnace, and the manner of Ratcliffe's death). Percy was at the fort. His account of the death is the only one, and it is given as his.
Pocahontas and Spelman: Smith, p. 295, says she saved him and that he lived many years after "by her meanes, amongst the Patawomekes". Spelman's own account does not mention her.

Chapter 3. The Want of Captain Smith

Percy, pp. 265 to 267, is the source for the fort's winter; the Proceedings and Smith are set beside him.

Phetiplace and "the Tragedie of Capte: Ratlife": Percy, p. 266, sixteen men "the Remaynder of fifty".
West's sailing: Percy, p. 266, "by the p[er]swasion or rather by the inforcement of his company"; Smith, p. 295, "Powhatan still, as he found meanes, cut off their Boats, denied them trade: so that Captaine West set saile for England". Percy, president at the time, was the better placed. West's company and the two heads cut off on the Potomac are Percy's, p. 266.
"Now wee all found the want of Captaine Smith": Proceedings, p. 200.
The half can: Percy, p. 265. Tucker cast the store "att a poore alowanse of halfe a Cann of meale for A man A day", three months' provision that he made last four. The Proceedings' ten weeks (p. 197) is a different reckoning, made at a different time, and the two are not reconciled.
The robbers of the store: Percy, pp. 266 to 267.
The woman in the fort is a reconstruction. No woman of the 1609 fleet left an account; the passage is built from what the colonists recorded of the fort that winter.

Chapter 4. The Starving Time

Percy, pp. 266 to 267, and Smith, pp. 295 to 296.

The horses, the vermin, the leather, the roots: Percy, pp. 266 to 267; the diggers "Cutt off of and slayne by the Salvages", p. 267.
The graves: Percy, p. 267.
The man who killed his wife: Percy, p. 267, who judged the case; Smith, p. 295, "powdered", which Tyler glosses as "Salted". Smith follows his account with a joke, which is not quoted here. Percy's confession under torture is his alone. Both men say only that the murderer was executed.
"This was that time, which still to this day we called the starving time": Smith, p. 295. Smith wrote it in 1624.
The runaways, "whome we never heard of after": Percy, p. 267.
The boat that broke loose and Tucker's boat: Percy, p. 267.
"the occasion was our owne": Smith, p. 296. The Proceedings say the same, p. 201.
The Paspahegh hunter is a reconstruction, kept to what a man of the country could have seen from the woods around the island.

Chapter 5. Two Forts and a Boy Running

Spelman, pp. 19 to 21, for the flight; Percy, p. 268, for Point Comfort.

Yawtanoone, about sixteen miles from Powhatan, and Powhatan's mind "much declined from us": Spelman, pp. 19 to 20.
The twenty-four or twenty-five weeks are Spelman's count of his whole time with Powhatan, not of his stay at Yawtanoone: Spelman, p. 20.
Savage "fayned sum excuss of stay", the blow at Samuel, Spelman's run, the Patawomeck king's men holding the pursuers "till I shifted for my self and gott to the Patomeckes cuntry": Spelman, pp. 20 to 21. Spelman gives no reason for Savage's turning back.
Percy "Reasonable well recovered of my sicknes", and his purpose of revenge on the Kecoughtans: Percy, p. 268. No killing at Kecoughtan in that season is in the record.
Point Comfort, "haveinge concealed their plenty from us", the crab fish fed to the hogs, Davis's plan to save "some of the better sorte", and Percy's answer that "mens lyves onse Loste colde never be recovered": Percy, p. 268.

Chapter 6. Anatomies

Percy, pp. 268 to 270, with the Proceedings, p. 200, and Smith, pp. 295 to 296.

The pinnaces from Bermuda, the court of guard, and Gates "dowtfull whether we weare frends or noe": Percy, p. 268. The castaways numbered about a hundred and fifty (Proceedings; Smith).
May 23: Tyler's notes, pp. 201 and 296.
"Fyndeinge of fyve hundrethe men we had onely lefte Aboutt sixty" and "Anotamies": Percy, p. 269. The Proceedings, p. 200, give "of 500 ... not many more then 60"; Smith, p. 295, "not past sixtie men, women and children". The book gives their figures and no total for the dead.
Hugh Pryse and the butcher: Percy, p. 269.
The Lawes proclaimed May 24: Tyler, p. 422, note.
The resolve to leave and the fire prevented: Percy, pp. 269 to 270. Gates's words to the men are reported, not quoted, because Percy gives them as "theis or the lyke words".
June 7 and the four pinnaces: Percy, p. 270; Tyler's note, p. 296.

Chapter 7. The Longboat

"for God would not have it so abandoned": Smith, p. 297. Smith was in England and wrote from others' accounts.
Brewster's boat: Percy, p. 270, who was aboard the Discovery.
"whereupon we all Retourned to James Towne ageine": Percy, p. 270. Neither source gives the day of the return.
De La Warr's arrival: Smith, p. 297, has him arrive June 9 and come ashore on the tenth to hear a sermon and have his commission read; the Proceedings give "the 9 of June", p. 202; Tyler's headnote to De La Warr's Relation gives June 10 at the fort.

Chapter 8. The Lord Governor

The council and the captains "over fifty men A piece": Percy, p. 270.
Somers and Argall sent to Bermuda for hogs and fish, Argall falling away to the northward: Percy, p. 270.
The ague: De La Warr, p. 210.
Kecoughtan and the taborer: Percy, p. 270, including Gates's purpose, "beinge desyreous for to be Revendged upon the Indyans att Kekowhatan".
Gates's sailing: Percy, p. 270, undated.
Charles Fort, built by Captain Holcroft and named "in honour of our Kings Matie that now is": Percy, p. 270. Percy's king at the time of writing was Charles I.

Chapter 9. Paspahegh

Percy, pp. 271 to 273, is the only account of the raid.

The commission: Percy, p. 271, issued after Powhatan gave "prowde and disdaynefull" answers to a demand for men and arms. It named the Chickahominies as well; no action against them follows in Percy.
Seventy men in two boats, August 9, 1610, the night landing within three miles of the town, and the dead, fifteen or sixteen: Percy, pp. 271 to 272.
The children: Percy, p. 272, quoted in full.
Davis's landing two miles down and the burning fourteen miles inland, including a temple: Percy, p. 272.
De La Warr aboard ship off the fort: Percy, p. 272.
The werowance's wife: Percy, pp. 272 to 273. Davis told Percy it was the lord governor's "pleasure" that she be burned and, later, his "direction" that she die; Percy writes that he does not believe it. Percy is the only witness, and he had commanded the raid.

Chapter 10. The Patawomeck Country

Spelman's pages on the Patawomecks, pp. 21 to 58, carry the chapter; Smith, p. 300, adds Argall.

"a year and more at a towne of his called Pasptanzie": Spelman, p. 21.
The houses, "made like an ouen": Spelman, p. 30. The hunt, "euery one wt a fier sticke in ther hand": p. 31. Planting: p. 48. Meals, marriage, sickness, burial and pastimes are from pp. 32 to 33, 39 to 42 and 51 to 58, paraphrased.
The king's wives: Spelman, pp. 34 to 37, Paupauwiske and the "couwascohocan, wch is a kind of paringe Iron". The 1872 editor's margin at p. 34 makes Spelman's host the king's brother; Spelman's own text calls him the king, and the chapter follows Spelman.
Justice: Spelman, pp. 43 to 44. The manner of execution Spelman describes on p. 45 belongs to Powhatan's justice at Pamunkey, not to the Patawomecks, and is not used.
The Massomecks and the fight in the marsh: Spelman, paraphrased.
Argall and "an english boy named Harry": Spelman, pp. 21 to 22; the copper, "by Capt: Argoll Bountifully performed", p. 37; Smith, p. 300, "they fraughted his ship with Corne". Smith's "not long after" sits uneasily with Spelman's year and more; the chapter gives Argall's arrival no date.
The Paspahegh woman among the Chickahominies is a reconstruction. Where the Paspaheghs went after August 1610 is not in the record.

Chapter 11. The Lord Governor's Diseases

De La Warr's Relation, pp. 210 to 214, and Percy, pp. 273 to 276.

The diseases: De La Warr, p. 210, the ague, the flux, the cramp, the gout and the scurvy, "which though in others it be a sicknesse of slothfulnesse, yet was in me an effect of weaknesse"; his physician, Doctor Laurence Bohun, and the relapse, p. 210; "twenty dayes longer", p. 211.
The winter's events: Percy, pp. 273 to 275, the Warraskoyacks, the spy's hand, the hanging where the rope broke, the feast at Appamattuck and the taborer's escape, the fort at the falls, and the Paspahegh werowance taken at the blockhouse. All are undated.
The voyage: De La Warr, p. 211, bound for Nevis, turned by southerly winds to the Western Islands, the Azores, and restored by "Orenges and Lemonds". Percy, p. 275, has the ship go directly for England; De La Warr was aboard.
Percy deputy governor: Percy, p. 275, "To execute Marshall lawe or any other power and Authority as Absolute as himselfe"; De La Warr's choice of him, pp. 211 to 212.
Puttocke: Percy, pp. 275 to 276, the arrows "as thicke As hayle" and the cry "Paspahe Paspahe"; the messenger who "Loste his Labour", p. 276.
The Relation in London, June 25, 1611: Tyler's headnote. The count of "upward of two hundred, the most in health" is De La Warr's, p. 212; Tyler's note to the same page gives the Breife Declaration's three months' food and a hundred and fifty dead.
"Patomack (a King as great as Powhatan, who still remaines our enemie, though not able to doe us hurt)": De La Warr, p. 213.

Chapter 12. Bowling in the Streets

Hamor, p. 26; Smith, p. 302; Percy, pp. 276 to 277 and 280.

Dale's three ships, May 10, 1611: Smith, p. 302; the Proceedings, p. 203. About three hundred people, "of worse condition then those formerly there": Hamor, p. 26.
Captain Adams in the Blessing: Percy, p. 276.
The store: Hamor, p. 26, gives eight months' provision; Smith's abridgement of the same passage, p. 302, gives three. The chapter follows Hamor.
"bowling in the streets": Smith, p. 302, under the heading "The government surrendered to Sir Thomas Dale". Tyler's note on the same page gives the day as Sunday, May 19, and calls bowling one of the pastimes thought proper in England for the day.
The new laws: Percy, p. 276. The Lawes Divine, Morall and Martiall were printed in London in 1612.
Percy's list of Dale's punishments: Percy, p. 280, quoted in full. Percy places it in the months when Henrico was nearly finished and men were running away to the Powhatans. It is a different document from the Assembly's charges of 1624 (see Chapter 15).
The laborer is a reconstruction, built from the colonists' accounts of Dale's working day.

Chapter 13. The Arrow on the Headpiece

Percy, pp. 277 to 278; Hamor, p. 26.

The Nansemond River to its head: Hamor, p. 26, who says Dale was looking for a seat for his new town.
West shot in the thigh, Martin in the arm, and the arrow on the brim of Dale's headpiece: Percy, p. 277.
The Nansemonds' wonder, the fire and the rattles, which Percy took for charms to bring rain against the English matches: Percy, p. 277.
The fantasy in the house: Percy, pp. 277 to 278.
The caravel, "wthowt command of Shotte": Percy, p. 278.
The three Spaniards and the pilot: Percy, p. 278, who has Davis take the three in an ambush before the boat asks for a pilot. Smith, pp. 320 to 321, has Davis give the pilot first. The chapter follows Percy, who was in the colony.
Perez's answer at the examination: Percy, p. 278.

Chapter 14. Henrico

Percy, pp. 279 to 280; Smith, pp. 303 to 306, abridging Hamor; Hamor, pp. 29 to 31.

The nine ships and the council: Percy, p. 279, including his own advice that the men must fight aboard ship, "for there was noe runneinge Away". Hamor, p. 29, sends a shallop of thirty men instead of Percy's forty with Brewster.
Gates governor and Dale "their Marshall of the Collonie": Percy, p. 279.
Gates's fleet, six ships, three hundred men and a hundred cattle: Proceedings, p. 203; Smith, p. 303.
The force: about two hundred in Percy, p. 279; three hundred and fifty in Smith, p. 304, following Hamor. The chapter says "two or three hundred".
The site, high land "some twelve miles from the Fal[l]es, by Arsahattock": Smith, p. 303.
Munetute, "comonly called amongste us Jacke of the feathers": Percy, pp. 279 to 280.
The pale in ten or twelve days: Smith, p. 304; seven English acres, the corner watch-houses and the brick foundation of a hundred feet by fifty: Hamor, pp. 29 to 31.
The town described: Smith, p. 305, giving Hamor's description of the town as he left it in 1614.
Appamattuck, taken about Christmas 1611 "in regard of the injurie done us by them of Apamatuck": Smith, p. 305; "the new Bermudas", p. 306. Hamor, pp. 29 to 31, places Dale there in person.
The Appamattuck household is a reconstruction.

Chapter 15. The Tryall

Percy, pp. 280 to 281; Smith, pp. 303 to 304; Assembly, pp. 422 to 423; Hamor, p. 24.

The Powhatans taken for spies: Percy, pp. 280 to 281. Percy gives no number, day or manner.
Algernon's Fort burned and rebuilt: Percy, p. 280.
Cole and Kitchins: Smith, p. 303, five men bound for Ocanahowan, "cut off by the Salvages, hired by us to hunt them home". Tyler's note, p. 304, citing Brown's First Republic, makes them Molina's guard, bound for the Spanish in Florida, and has six condemned and executed. Smith's page counts five men and names no Spaniard.
Smith's defense of Dale: Smith, p. 304, "the feare of a cruell painfull and unusuall death more restraines them, than death it selfe". Tyler notes, p. 303, that these remarks are Smith's own, not Hamor's.
The Assembly's answer of 1624: Assembly, p. 422, to "a Declaratione of the state of the Colonie in the 12 yeers of Sr Thomas Smiths Government". Sir Thomas Smith was the Company's treasurer, not John Smith. The eight ounces of meal, the runaways put to death and the bodkin: pp. 422 to 423. The document names no governor and dates no case.
Rolfe's tobacco, "Anno Domini 1612": Hamor, p. 24. Hamor's page does not say where Rolfe's seed came from.
"the 22th Aprell 1612 The wch day I sett sayle in A shipp named the Tryall": Percy, p. 281. His voyage home, pp. 281 to 282, is not told.

Chapter 16. A Letter in a Shoe

Molina, pp. 217 to 224, in Tyler's translation.

"this new Algiers of America" and "a hydra in its infancy": Molina, p. 218.
"Last year there were seven hundred people and not three hundred and fifty remain": Molina, p. 220; the rations and the men gone over to the Powhatans or out to sea, p. 220.
The forts "of boards and so weak that a kick would break them down", and "not a single person would take up arms": Molina, p. 221.
The count of forts and garrisons: Molina, pp. 223 to 224. His leagues are his own.
Perez, who "died fifteen months ago, more from hunger than illness": Molina, p. 222.
The pilot who "is said to be English": Molina, p. 222. Percy, p. 278, writes that he was afterward found to be an Englishman named Limbrecke. Tyler's headnote, p. 217, and his note, p. 222, say that Dale hanged him as a traitor on the voyage to England in 1616, after this book ends.
The Venetian bearer: Molina, p. 222. The cipher: p. 223. "this letter is sewed between the soles of a shoe": p. 223.
The date: Molina dated the letter May 28 by the Spanish calendar; the English date was May 18.
Molina afterward: Percy, pp. 278 to 279, says Molina was sent to England soon after his capture. Molina's own letter is dated from Virginia two years later, and the chapter follows the letter. Tyler's headnote, p. 217, has him leave Virginia with Dale in 1616.

Chapter 17. The Copper Kettle

Hamor, pp. 4 to 6, is the only full account. Hamor was not on the Potomac and wrote "by the relation I had".

"Powhatans delight and darling", sent among the Patawomecks "as shopkeepers to a Fare", three months or longer: Hamor, p. 4.
Argall's coming, "vpon occasion either of promise or profit", and Pocahontas "desirous to renue hir familiaritie with the English": Hamor, p. 4.
Japazaws, "an old friend, and adopted brother of his": Hamor, p. 4. Smith, p. 307, calls him "an old friend of Captaine Smiths".
The wife's longing to see the ship, her tears, and supper aboard: Hamor, pp. 4 to 5; the feet trodden under the table, p. 5.
The kettle: Hamor, p. 5.
"exceeding pensiue, and discontented": Hamor, p. 6.
The place: Hamor names the Patawomecks and no town. The chapter does not identify the town where she was taken.
Smith's version, pp. 307 to 308, adds details not in Hamor and is not followed.
The man at the weir is a reconstruction, drawn on Spelman's record of a Patawomeck town.

Chapter 18. Seven Men and Seven Muskets

Hamor, pp. 6 to 7; Dale's letter of June 18, 1614, in Hamor, p. 55.

"and so to Iames towne she was brought", and the messenger sent "forthwith": Hamor, p. 6.
Powhatan's reasons: Hamor, p. 6. They are Hamor's reading. Hamor writes that the answer came three months after, "by perswasions of others", and separately that Powhatan could resolve nothing without long counsel. Smith, p. 308, gives "by the perswasion of the Councell"; the chapter follows Hamor.
The seven men and their muskets, "with each of them a Musket vnseruiceable", and the offer of five hundred bushels of corn: Hamor, p. 6. Tyler's note, p. 308, dates the answer to July 1613.
"in part of payment", and the English answer: Hamor, pp. 6 to 7.
"pleased him not very wel": Hamor, p. 7.
Her instruction and baptism: Dale, in Hamor, p. 55. Dale gives no date and no place. Alexander Whitaker's letter, printed by Hamor, pp. 59 to 60, gives neither, and names no minister.

Chapter 19. The Pamunkey River

Hamor, pp. 7 to 10; Dale's letter in Hamor, pp. 52 to 54.

"Sir Thomas Gates hauing imbarqued himselfe for England" and Dale's "frigot": Dale, in Hamor, p. 52.
The hundred and fifty men "well appointed": Hamor, p. 7.
The demands, including the men "which he returned" who "ran to him again": Hamor, p. 7.
The man struck in the forehead and "a skilfull Chirurgion"; the forty houses burned; five or six killed, "as themselues afterward confest": Hamor, p. 8.
Dale's own account of the same days, the pledges and Opechancanough "hard by": Dale, in Hamor, pp. 52 to 53. Dale and Hamor do not tell the days in the same order, and the chapter keeps their accounts apart.
"This Opocankano is brother to Powhatan, and is his and their chiefe Captaine": Dale, in Hamor, p. 53.
Matchcot, about four hundred men, "a high steepe hill": Hamor, p. 9.
What she said ashore: Dale, in Hamor, pp. 53 to 54, quoted in full as Dale reported it.
"foule mouthed detracters": Dale, in Hamor, p. 52.
The two brothers, "they much reioyced": Hamor, p. 10.

Chapter 20. A Mightie Warre

Hamor, pp. 10 to 11; Rolfe's letter to Dale, in Hamor, pp. 61 to 68.

"his brother Apachamo, his successor": Hamor, p. 10. Smith, p. 310, abridging Hamor, gives the brother as Opechancanough. Hamor was on the voyage, and the chapter keeps his name.
"maister Iohn Rolfe had bin in loue with Pocahuntas and she with him": Hamor, pp. 10 to 11, the passage in which Hamor gives Rolfe's letter to Dale.
Rolfe's letter: Hamor, pp. 61 to 68. It is undated. The salutation is on p. 61; "carnall affection" and "so intricate a laborinth", p. 63; "a mightie warre in my meditations", pp. 63 to 64; "her generation accursed", p. 64; "why dost not thou indeuour to make her a Christian?", p. 65; the subscription, p. 68. Tyler reprinted the letter from Hamor (pp. 237 to 244).
"the onely cause hee was so milde": Hamor, p. 11.
The terms till harvest and the April return to plant: Hamor, p. 10.
"The bruite of this pretended marriage": Hamor, p. 11. "Bruite" is report; "pretended" means intended.

Chapter 21. About the Fifth of April

Hamor, pp. 11 to 14; Dale, in Hamor, p. 55.

"about the fift of Aprill": Hamor, p. 11, with Opachisco, "an olde vncle of hirs", and "two of his sonnes". Hamor does not settle whose sons they were. Smith's abridgement gives "about the first"; the chapter follows Hamor. On how Hamor's dates for that spring fit together, see the Note on Sources. Hamor names no minister.
"since married to an English Gentleman of good vnderstanding": Dale, in Hamor, p. 55.
Trade since the marriage, and "thriue a pace": Hamor, p. 11.
The Chickahominies, the two bucks for "our king", the name Tossantessas, the copper refused: Hamor, pp. 11 to 12.
Argall in council in Dale's place, Dale "concealed himselfe, and kept aboarde his barge": Hamor, p. 12.
The articles, the assent and the oration: Hamor, pp. 13 to 14. The red coats and the King's picture are Hamor's, p. 14. Hamor's guess at the reason for the Chickahominies' friendship is not used.

Chapter 22. Matchcot

Hamor, pp. 37 to 46, is the only account; Hamor was there.

The errand, Thomas Savage, the guides, and the journey of about sixty miles from the Bermudas, May 15: Hamor, pp. 37 to 38.
"my childe you are welcome": Hamor, p. 38.
The chain: Hamor, p. 39.
Hamor's demand for the younger daughter: Hamor, p. 40.
"I sould within these few daies", the roanoke, and "three daies iorney from me": Hamor, pp. 41 to 42. Hamor's gloss on roanoke, "made of oystershels", is on p. 41. The daughter "not full twelue yeeres old": p. 42.
The pledge, and "for I am now olde, and would gladly end my daies in peace": Hamor, p. 42.
William Parker: Hamor, pp. 44 to 45. Hamor's pages at Matchcot do not say whether Parker went home with him.
The table-book: Hamor, p. 45.
The buckskins "white as snow", and the last answer: Hamor, p. 46.
Smith's version of these speeches rewords Hamor's and is not followed.